MONOCOTS: ORCHIDS AND PALMS

Lecture Schedule

Lecture

Survey of Monocots: "Lilioids" - see APGII phylogeny

Order Liliales (cont.)

Orchidaceae (orchid family)

epiphytism, mycotrophism

Calyx petaloid
Corolla often lipped
1, 2, or 3 stamens fused
Rostellum or beak
3 carpellate, l locular, parietal

3 subfamilies based on stamens and corolla

Apastasioideae (2 genera, 20 spp.)
Cypripedioideae (Cypripedium, Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium, Selenipedium)

Cypripedium calceolus (yellow lady's-slipper)
Cypripedium candidum (white lady's-slipper) [threatened]
Cypripedium reginae (showy lady's-slipper)
Cypripedium acaule (moccasin flower, stemless lady's-slipper)
Cypripedium arietinum (ram's head lady's-slipper) [threatened]

Orchidoideae (large)

Aplectrum hyemale (putty root, Adam-and-Eve)
Calopogon tuberosus (grass pink)
Calypso bulbosa (calypso orchid)
Corallorhiza trifida (early coral root)
Goodyera pubescens (rattlesnake plantain)
Isotria medeoloides (small whorled pogonia)
Malaxis monophylla (white adder's mouth)
Orchis rotundifolia (small rounded leaf orchid) [threatened]
Orchis spectablis (showy orchis)
Pogonia ophioglossoides (snake mouth orchid)
Platanthera ciliaris (orange fringed orchid) [= Habenaria]
Platanthera clavellata (club spur orchid)
Platanthera leucophaea (prairie white fringed orchid)
Platanthera psycodes (purple fringed orchid)
Spiranthes cernua (nodding ladies' tresses)
Spiranthes magnicamporum (Great Plains ladies' tresses)

Vanilla (vanilla orchid)
Cattleya (cattleya orchid)
Oncidium

Order Dioscoreales - see APGII phylogeny

Dioscoreaceae (yam family)

Dioscorea villosa (wild yam)

Burmanniaceae

Burmannia

Order Pandanales - see APGII phylogeny

Cyclanthaceae (Panama hat family)

Palm-like
4 merous flowers
Cyclanthus

Pandanaceae (Screw pine family)

Simple leaves
Spirally arranged leaves
Stilt roots
Pandanus
Freycinetia

Velloziaceae

Vellozia
Barbacenia elegans

 

Survey of Monocots: Commelinids - see APGII phylogeny

Strong monophyletic group!

palm group (= order Arecales)
spiderwort group (= order Commelinales)
ginger group (= Zingiberales)
pineapple/grass/sedge group (= Poales)

= Cronquist's subclass Commeliniidae + parts of Arecidae and Liliidae

 

Order Arecales

Arecaceae or Palmae (palm family)

Non-branched trees
Leaves compound, sheathed, terminal
Plicate venation
Spathe, no spadix
Inflorescences unisexual often
3 merous perianth
6 stamens
3 fused carpels with one seed

Cocos nucifera (coconut)
Areca (betal nut)
Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)
Lodoicea (Seychelles palm)