ANGIOSPERM MORPHOLOGY

Lecture Schedule

Lecture

Introduction to Angiosperms

Angiosperm delimitation

Phyla of land plants (according to Cronquist)

Bryophyta - mosses, liverworts
Psilophyta - whisk ferns & relatives
Equisetophyta - horsetails
Lycopodiophyta - lycopods
Polypodiophyta - ferns
Pinophyta - gymnosperms
Magnoliophyta - angiosperms or flowering plants

Magnoliopsida - dicot class
Liliopsida - monocot class

Almost all of these phyla and classes are now called into question! We will be examining the new DNA based classification of angiosperms and other land plants.

Angiosperm composition

Floral structure of Angiosperms

Flowers as modified shoots

Euanthial theory (strobilar or foliar theory)

Pseudanthial theory

The "ABC" model of floral development

Floral parts (terms & illustrations)

Peduncle
Receptacle
Sepals / calyx
Petals / corolla
Stamens (androecium)
Nectaries
Carpels (gynoecium)

Placentation

Marginal
Axile
Parietal
Free-central
Basal

Arrangement of floral parts

Numerical plan
Symmetry

actinomorphic / radial / regular
zygomorphic / bilateral / irregular

Fusion of floral parts

connation or fusion of same parts

petals - corolla tube
stamens - staminal tube
carpels - compound pistil

adnation or fusion of unlike parts

eg. position of ovary

hypogynous ovary
perigynous ovary
epigynous ovary

Floral formulas